C-02 — diaphragms

the floor is a beam turned sideways.

diaphragm load path tool

rigid or flexible. it changes everything.

The floor collects lateral force and delivers it to the walls — but a rigid slab and a flexible deck distribute that force in completely different ways.

Concrete slab — distributes force to walls by relative stiffness. Offset walls cause torsion.
width (ft)120
depth (ft)60
wind (kips)80
walls2
offset0%
kips
max wall reaction
live equation
adjust controls to see diaphragm force distribution
F = Horizontal force applied to the diaphragm
R = Force delivered to each shear wall
k = Relative rigidity of each wall
explained
A rigid diaphragm distributes lateral force to walls in proportion to their stiffness — stiffer walls attract more force. A flexible diaphragm distributes force in proportion to tributary area — each wall gets the load from the floor area nearest to it. The assumption you choose changes the wall demands significantly.
key concepts
overview How rigid and flexible diaphragms distribute force

A rigid diaphragm (like a concrete slab) distributes lateral force to walls based on their relative stiffness and position — offset walls create torsion. A flexible diaphragm (like a metal deck or plywood) distributes force by tributary area, like a simple beam spanning between walls. Toggle between the two, move walls around, and watch how the reactions change.

the floor is a beam Diaphragms span between walls like horizontal beams

A diaphragm is the floor or roof plate acting as a horizontal beam. Wind or seismic forces push against the building face and enter the diaphragm. The diaphragm spans between shear walls or braced frames (its "supports") and distributes the lateral force to them. The edges of the diaphragm act as flanges (chords) carrying tension and compression; the interior acts as a web carrying shear.

rigid vs. flexible Stiffness-based vs. tributary-area distribution

A rigid diaphragm (concrete slab) distributes lateral force to walls in proportion to their relative stiffness — a stiffer wall attracts more force. A flexible diaphragm (metal deck without concrete, wood sheathing) distributes force based on tributary area — each wall gets the force from the floor area closest to it. Getting this classification wrong changes every force in the lateral system.