B-03 — live load

Live Load

live load explorer

pick the use. see the load.

Live load depends entirely on how the space is used — heavier occupancies mean more weight per square foot.

key concepts
occupancy reference ASCE 7 Table 4.3-1 minimum live loads by use
40 psf
Residential
apartments, hotel rooms, dwelling units
50 psf
Office Areas
desks, general office use
60 psf
Assembly — Fixed Seats
theaters, lecture halls, auditoriums
80 psf
Corridors & Stairs
circulation above first floor
100 psf
Assembly — Standing
concerts, lobbies, gymnasiums
100 psf
Retail — First Floor
first floor retail, 75 psf upper
100 psf
Stairs & Exit Ways
all occupancy types
125 psf
Light Storage
warehousing, light manufacturing
250 psf
Heavy Storage
pallet racking, bulk materials
overview Variable weight prescribed by code, not calculated

Live load is the variable weight of occupants, furniture, and movable objects — prescribed by code based on occupancy type, not calculated from actual weights.

code-specified ASCE 7 assigns minimum live loads by occupancy type

Unlike dead load, you don't calculate live load — you look it up. ASCE 7 Table 4.3-1 assigns minimum live loads by occupancy: 40 psf for residential, 50 psf for offices, 80 psf for corridors above the first floor, 100 psf for lobbies and assembly areas. These aren't averages — they're conservative upper bounds intended to cover the worst-case loading during the building's life.

live load reduction Large tributary areas allow reduced design live loads

ASCE 7 Section 4.7 allows live load reduction when tributary areas are large. The logic: the probability that every square foot of a 5,000 sf floor is simultaneously loaded to 50 psf is very low. The reduction factor depends on the tributary area and the element type. For a column supporting 4 floors of office space, the effective live load might be 30-35% lower than the code minimum. But some loads — assembly and heavy storage — cannot be reduced.